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Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid circulating in the blood as well as stored in the skeletal muscles. Glutamine is a diverse amino acid that is utilized in numerous vital functions. It is necessary for rapidly dividing cells, including those of the gut and immune system.1-11 It is also used as an energy source in mitochondria, 180 and is a precursor of the brain neurotransmitter glutamate.13 Glutamine is also needed for optimal nucleotide biosynthesis and protein synthesis.14-17
The function of glutamine in stimulating glycogen synthase, the enzyme which controls the synthesis and storage of glycogen fuel in muscles and liver, may provide a mechanism by which glutamine supplements promote enhanced fuel stores.
Glutamine is an important fuel for some immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, that may have specific immunostimulatory effects.24, 25
People that do heavy exercising can lower their glutamine levels causing stress to their body and immune systems.18 For that reason, supplementing with glutamine can be important to a serious athlete, someone challenged with muscle loss, or who wants to help maintain optimal immune function under heavy stress.7-23 Glutamine supplements cause a rapid rise in cellular glutamine levels and glutamine stores in muscle.
References
1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Feb;296(2):G348-55.
2. Cytokine. 2008 Oct;44(1):92-5.
3. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.2000 Oct;22(5):425-7.
4. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2003 Jul-Aug;27(4):241-5.
5. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006 Sep;9(5):607-12.
6. Amino Acids.1999;17(3):227-41.
7. Br J Nutr. 2002 Jan;87 Suppl 1:S3-8.
8. Sports Med. 1998 Sep;26(3):177-91.
9. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1284-90.
10. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2003 Jul-Aug;27(4):241-5.
11. Nutr Rev. 1993 May;51(5):152-5.
12. J Nutr. 2001 Sep;131(9 Suppl):2488S-90S; discussion 2496S-7S.
13. NMR Biomed. 1991 Apr;4(2):59-63.
14. Biomed Pharmacother. 2002 Nov;56(9):446-57.
15. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2003 Feb;36(2):153-63.
16. Cell Biochem Funct. 2003 Mar;21(1):1-9.
17. Nutrition. 2002 Feb;18(2):130-3.
18. Nutrition. 1997 Jul-Aug;13(7-8):738-42.
19. Cytokine. 2002 Apr 21;18(2):92-7.
20. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002 May;34(5):439-58.
21. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Oct 21;11(39):6197-201.
22. Clin Nutr. 2003 Aug;22(4):407-13.
23. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Aug;285(2):G266-73.
24. Burns. 2006 Aug;32(5):589-93.
25. Nutrition. 2010 Jun;26(6):677-81.
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Servings Per Container: 100
Take one (1) capsule once or twice daily on an empty stomach, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner.
Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Amount Per Serving:
L-Glutamine … 500mg
(free form amino acid)Other ingredients: rice flour, gelatin, vegetable stearate.
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Caution
If you have significant kidney or liver disease, please consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product.Warnings
- KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
- DO NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED DOSE
- Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged.
- When using nutritional supplements, please consult with your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition or if you are pregnant or lactating.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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